Salaries range from 410 KWD (lowest average) to 2,070 KWD (highest average, actual maximum salary is higher). "But the gap between this. The BLeague is fairly comparable to a NBA season or high-level Europe. [1] As per the CBA, the minimum player payment is $13,500 for the 2021-22 season and $15,000 for the 2022-23 season, where no less than 10 rostered players are to be contracted. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). If your wage is between the average and the median, then things can be a bit complicated. Base | Additional Total Pay Range National Team Secretary and Events and Compitition Coordinator 1 Salaries submitted KWD 3,800 KWD 3,600 | KWD 200 KWD 4K - KWD 4K 1 Viewing 1 - 20 of 20 Salaries > Kuwait > Kuwait Football Association View Data as Table Latest Rating about Pay and Benefits at Kuwait Football Association We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. : +41 22 545 00 00Fax. The difference in increment rates is somehow justified because employers put more effort to retain more experienced staff since they are harder to acquire than less experienced ones. P.O. The BIG3 basketball league was established in 2017 and, as it enters its third season, has gained popularity steadily, know the 2022 salary structure, average salaries and net worth Since many newly formed sports leagues fail to experience growth after their founding, it has become abundantly clear that the league, which was formed by rap star Ice Cube, does something right. All Rights Reserved, Privacy Policy I Amazon Affiliate Disclosure I Terms of Use I Contact Us. * Based on the average change in salary over time. ", Korean Basketball League, Average wages for players in the Korean Basketball League (KBL) in South Korea from 1997 to 2021 (in million South Korean won) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1134745/south-korea-average-wages-korean-basketball-league/ (last visited March 05, 2023), Average wages for players in the Korean Basketball League (KBL) in South Korea from 1997 to 2021 (in million South Korean won) [Graph], Korean Basketball League, December 5, 2022. Combined the 3 squads have won the past 8 league championships since 2011 - 2020. A-League (Australia) $2.5 million. how much do japanese pro basketball players make, how much do Japanese basketball players make, how much do overseas basketball players make. The experience level is the most important factor in determining the salary. For the first time in its history, the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) league will introduce a salary cap for the 2020-2021 season, Xinhua reports.According to the latest rule, the total . The players under this salary class sign two-way contracts and have a base salary of $125,000. The Riders have 4 titles in that span while the Eagles (3) and Lions (1) trail behind. In the 2018-2019 season the Leicester Riders competed in the FIBA Europe Cup - a rarity for a club from the UK. 2,070. It is well known that higher education equals a bigger salary, but how much more money can a degree add to your income? Filipino sensation, Thirdy Ravena, being lured away from his domestic Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and instead signing with the San-en Neo-Phoenix of the BLeague 1. The average increase in compensation while changing jobs is approximately 10% more than the customary salary increment. Putting all variables aside, if you can afford the costs of higher education then the return on investment is definitely worth it. Friday is the holiday in Kuwait, with the other day off being either on Thursday or Saturday. The Japan Times reports the Hiroshima Dragonflies led the BLeague2 in revenue with $4.36 million USD in the 2018/19 campaign. Kuwait Football Association employees attributed a compensation and benefits rating of 2.0/5 stars to their company. Generally speaking, employees having experience from two to five years earn on average 32% more than freshers and juniors across all industries and disciplines. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Eurobasket #ProJackets Report. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. People tend to confuse bonuses with commissions. But theres one key wrinkle in all of this: Unlike in many other salary-capped overseas leagues, the BBL actually operates under a soft cap rather than a hard cap.. 2020 Josecolorado.com. Values have been rounded. Public sector employees in Kuwait earn 10% more than their private sector counterparts on average across all sectors. The amount of the bonus will probably be different from person to person depending on their role within the organization. The median represents the middle salary value. This is the average monthly salary including housing, transport, and other benefits. in many overseas basketball leagues across the world. With high-level overseas and NBA experience, one can only imagine the salaries these players were commanding. The NBA has established itself as the premier basketball league. The figures mentioned above are good approximations and are considered to be the standard. Though gender should not have an effect on pay, in reality, it does. Salaried jobs pay a fix amount regardless of the hours worked. Sources Referenced [Players, Media, Coaches]: Source Listed above are the average annual increase rates for each industry in Kuwait for the year 2022. Sports England - the governing body for grassroot sports development in the country - claimed it had invested $27 million USD (20 million) into basketball since the 2012 London Olympics. This is the average monthly salary including housing, transport, and other benefits. Nikola Mirotic, Barcelona $4,5 M. The exact numbers of Mirotic's contract remain a riddle and even $4,5 M can be pretty tame considering the rumors about the initial deal between the player and FC Barcelona. Greek Basketball League Salary Terms of Use - When it comes to foreigner-born players, it is not entirely uncommon for these players to make over $1 million USD (bonuses/incentives included) if competing in the top Japanese domestic league - the B.League1. Male employees in Kuwait who work in Recreation and Sports earn 6% more than their female counterparts on average. One major difference between salaried employees and hourly paid employees is overtime eligibility. Based on the surveys done over the past two years by various companies, the average gross salary in Kuwait is KWD21,142 per year. The experience level is the most important factor in determining the salary. 1,030. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. Read what they think about their salaries on our Compensation FAQ page for , National Team Secretary and Events and Compitition Coordinator, National Team Secretary and Events and Compitition Coordinator salaries - 1 salaries reported. Top 10 coolest jobs that you can actually have! . Enormous basketball salaries, growing fan interest and great lifestyle. Thats because Japan adopts what is known as an Asian import rule. Kuwait Football Association employees attributed a compensation and benefits rating of 2.0/5 stars to their company. So it makes sense the leagues top-earner would also play for the most profitable club. Daily Newspaper published by GPPC Doha, Qatar. Manage Settings 25 late to work excuses that may actually work! When it comes to imports, the range again spikes up to $3,000 - $25,000USD/per month with the average being around 8K - 9K/per month. Kuwait Olympic Committee Building The B.League as a whole has been on a tremendous upward swing since its 2016 merger took place. 10 annoying office habits we are all suffering from. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Those who got bonuses reported rates ranging from 3% to 6% of their annual salary. Per The Manila Times, it is estimated Ravena was expected to make $49,600USD/per year if he were to play his rookie pro season in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Exceptions do exist, but generally speaking, the situation of any company is closely related to the economic situation in the country or region. Average wages for players in the Korean Basketball League (KBL) in South Korea from 1997 to 2021 (in million South Korean won) [Graph]. Register in seconds and access exclusive features. All Rights Reserved, Privacy Policy I Amazon Affiliate Disclosure I Terms of Use I Contact Us. December 5, 2022. Basketball Players Born In Rupert (ID), United States - RealGM. The most common education is Bachelors Degree. Salaries range from 320 KWD (lowest average) to 5,640 KWD (highest average, actual maximum salary is higher). Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in South Korea,. La Liga (Spain) 70% of the club's revenues. Employees in Kuwait are likely to observe a salary increase of approximately 4% every 29 months. The Raptors released Hernangomez - February 28, 2023. The most famous example, of course, remains Rui Hachimura (Washington Wizards, NBA). Unlke the NBA, the PBA doesn't have a veteran's minimum. The study found that in comparison to other sectors the basic salaries of QSL players was low and so the necessary increase was made, in order to keep hold of the players and ensure that they have a good quality of life. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. NBA games are slightly longer, playing four 12 minute quarters the games last 48 minutes. Where can you get paid more, working for a private company or for the government? If your salary is lower than both, then many people are earning more than you and there is plenty of room for improvement. In the second division - Liga Oro - it is extremely rare for hoopers to crack 45k/year. A person working in Kuwait typically earns around 1,260 KWD per month. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1134745/south-korea-average-wages-korean-basketball-league/, Average wages for players in the Korean Basketball League (KBL) in South Korea from 1997 to 2021, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, Sales revenue of the sports industry South Korea 2015-2020, Sales revenue of the sports industry South Korea 2020, by sector, Ticket sales revenue of professional sporting events South Korea 2014-2020, Professional sporting events attendance South Korea 2021, by sport, Reasons for going to professional sports matches at stadiums South Korea 2019, Ticket revenue of the KBO league 2014-2021, Stadiums of KBO teams South Korea 2020, by capacity, Total KBO league baseball game attendance South Korea 2011-2021, Match attendance for KBO league South Korea 2011-2021, Number of K League 1 players 2022, by team, Stadiums of K League 1 teams South Korea 2020, by capacity, Total K League 1 football match attendance South Korea 2011-2021, Match attendance for K League 1 South Korea 2011-2021, Average wages in the KBL South Korea 1997-2021, Total KBL basketball match attendance South Korea 2011-2021, Match attendance for KBL South Korea 2011-2021, Registered players in the men's V-League South Korea 2022, by team, Average wages for players in the men's V-League South Korea 2015-2022, Total V-League volleyball match attendance South Korea 2011-2021, Match attendance for V-League South Korea 2011-2021, Spending per person on a match day South Korea 2021, by sport, Spending season on sports merchandise South Korea 2021, Channels used to buy sports team jerseys South Korea 2020, Social media used by pro sports spectators South Korea 2021, Reasons for watching broadcasts when spectating pro sports South Korea 2019, Highest paid players in the Korean Basktball League (KBL) South Korea 2021, Salary cap for teams in the Korean Basktball League (KBL) South Korea 1997-2021, Germany Bundesliga: average match attendance of Eisbren Bremerhaven 2015-2019, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: aggregate attendance of ALBA BERLIN 2015-2020, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: average match attendance of Fraport Skyliners 2020, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: aggregate attendance of GIESSEN 46 2016-2020, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: average match attendance of ALBA BERLIN 2015-2020, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: average match attendance of Telekom Baskets Bonn 2020, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: aggregate attendance of BG Gttingen 2015-2020, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: aggregate attendance of ratiopharm ulm 2015-2020, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: average match attendance MHP RIESEN Ludwigsburg 2020, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: aggregate attendance of Eisbren Bremerhaven 2015-2019, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: aggregate attendance of MHP RIESEN Ludwigsburg 2015-20, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: average match attendance of FC Bayern Mnchen 2015-20, Germany Basketball Bundesliga: aggregate attendance of Telekom Baskets Bonn 2015-2020, Highest paid professionals in Tunisia 2022, Salary range of a producer by experience in Australia 2019, R&D manager in chemical industry salary per annum South Korea 2019-2020, Most popular sporting events in France 2020, Average wages for players in the Korean Basketball League (KBL) in South Korea from 1997 to 2021 (in million South Korean won), Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. But there are also others making their mark, including: Yudai Baba (Melborne United, Australia - NBL), Nick Fazekas (Kawasaki Brave Thunders, BLeague1 - naturalized American), Japans national team level continues to impress, Tokyo, Japan will be hosting the 2021 Olympics. The new pay increase decision was taken after a study showing the average salaries of Qatari people across a range of professions. See the highest and lowest player salaries in the NBA on ESPN.com Continue with Recommended Cookies. Based on foreign-born players typically making between 80K - 170K in this league and Sokos outstanding statistical production, its likely Sokos salary is in the neighborhood of $125K - $200K/USD per year - far ahead of British Basketball League wages. Based on our global overseas basketball salaries study, this would put the BBL in the middle-tier pay grade of Europe. As an Amazon Associate, Josecolorado.com earns from qualifying purchases. $1,000 - $2,0000 USD/PER MONTH WAS THE MOST COMMONLY REPORTED BBL SALARY RANGE IN OUR OVERSEAS BASKETBALL PLAYERS SURVEY. Salaries range from 320 KWD (lowest average) to 5,640 KWD (highest average, actual maximum salary is higher). The NBL Grand Final series is upon us, and Kane and Olgun break down the season . Jose Colorado is a 6-year professional basketball player helping others achieve their dreams of pro basketball with a proven and tested approach to overseas basketball. The numbers seem to support this tactic. The decision really depends on your situation and experience among many other factors. He recorded 8 points and blocked 2 blocks in 21 minutes. You are now a member of one of the premiere basketball blogs on the internet providing players across the world with next-level tips, strategies and the necessary information for them to achieve and succeed in overseas basketball.Rest assured you have made a great commitment in yourself! The top players in the Championship can earn around 80,000 a week. There is a huge economic gap between the salaries of NBA vs. other international leagues with a ratio of 7:2 ($7M:$2M); the starting salary for players is not that bleak. The term 'Annual Salary Increase' usually refers to the increase in 12 calendar month period, but because it is rarely that people get their salaries reviewed exactly on the one year mark, it is more meaningful to know the frequency and the rate at the time of the increase. Privacy Policy - A paid subscription is required for full access. The website features live and on demand videos, basketball news, over 70,00 players profile . Media accreditation for this year's British Basketball League Trophy Finals is now open The finals take place on Sunday 26 March at. You are now a member of one of the premiere basketball blogs on the internet providing players across the world with next-level tips, strategies and the necessary information for them to achieve and succeed in overseas basketball.Rest assured you have made a great commitment in yourself! There is also extra time given for fouls and injuries. The total amount paid will not exceed one and half years compensation based on last basic salary. Return air fare- Check and ensure if the annual return air fare in the employment contract covers family members too. If you are only interested in viewing statistics and salaries in a specific career field, then choose one from below, or continue scrolling down for more interesting facts about salaries and income in Kuwait. Car- A company car may be provided, or a car allowance may be given. Lecturer-Materials Science& Engineering. This is very predictable due to the inherent responsibilities of being higher in the hierarchy. Thats because in 2020, BBL clubs voted to change the player eligibility criteria to allow teams to play a maximum of five over-18 non-British players per gamewith greater emphasis on protecting positions for national (British) players.. We compared the salaries of professionals at the same level but with different college degrees levels across many jobs, below are our findings. The last time was when she was playing after Kazakhstan with FC Okzhetps. Delayed a year by COVID-19, the BAL represents the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s first investment in an NBA-branded league outside of North America and the most consequential US recognition of the African sports sector to date. Those who got bonuses reported rates ranging from 3% to 6% of their annual salary. This was announced yesterday by Ahmed al-Harami, the chief of Competition and Football Development for the QSL. Cookie Policy - The average salary for the 137 players in the High Post Hoops WNBA salary database was $77,878 this past season. People in top positions can easily get double or triple bonus rates than employees down the pyramid. Currently, the ACB has five basketball clubs that are competing in the EuroLeague. Kuwait SC has won the Arab Club Basketball Championship once, in 2022 and is the first team from Kuwait to win an Arab title. Therefore, while taxes are the main sources of government income elsewhere in the world, in Kuwait, there are no personal taxes, not even for expats. While some employers offer corporate pension schemes for expat employees, others can continue paying into a state pension scheme and/or private pension plan in your home country while working in Kuwait. Average salaries in Kuwait 2018-19. PE Teacher/Basketball Coach/Soccer Coach. The third division Liga Plata's teams pay $600 - $1,000 a month on average. G League; International Basketball; High School Basketball; Current Affairs; Off-Topic Board; CBA & Business; Overtime raised in April $80 million from investors, including Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos' investment firm, global entertainer Drake, Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian and several National Basketball. 13 deadly interview mistakes that can cost you the job, 6 simple ways for anyone to earn extra income. Read what they think about their salaries on our Compensation FAQ page for Kuwait Football Association. All content responsibility of site administrator. The increase will see the basic salary go from QR 5,000 to QR 10,000 (USD 2,750) per month. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. While Washington Wizards forward Rui Hachimuras 3-year/$14 million deal is by far the highest salary for any Japanese basketball player in the world, Yuki Togashi holds the title as the highest-paid B.League Japanese player at the moment. Recreation and Sports is considered to be a moderate bonus-based field due to the generally limited involvement in direct revenue generation, with exceptions of course. Average overseas players can get a $65,000 contract with ease. "There's nothing as fun and fast in sports as BIG3 basketball, and once you watch one game, you'll be hooked," Triller co-owner Ryan Kavanaugh said in a statement. [Online]. We wrote a guide to explain all about the different scenarios. And because the BBL season runs for approximately 8-9 months, then we can say - in theory - the average BBL player on a regular 12-man roster would be making roughly $3,240 - $3,600K USD/per month or $28-29K USD/per year. But financially, they are not doing too badly. The hourly wage is the salary paid in one worked hour. Professional Basketball Players Survey Data Partly cloudy this evening followed by increasing clouds with showers developing after midnight. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. The term 'Annual Salary Increase' usually refers to the increase in 12 calendar month period, but because it is rarely that people get their salaries reviewed exactly on the one year mark, it is more meaningful to know the frequency and the rate at the time of the increase. Every day, thousands of new job vacancies are listed on the award-winning platform from the region's top employers. Thats because in 2019 it was announced the 56 point guard had signed a $923,000 USD deal with the Chiba Jets. There are four types of companies in Kuwait, such as the W.L.L. The Hyundai A-League Salary Cap is $2.60 million for the 2016/17 Season. Public sector employees in Kuwait earn 10% more than their private sector counterparts on average across all sectors. Companies within thriving industries tend to provide higher and more frequent raises. If those were not enough to get a player hooked on trying, then the salaries should. Ball and the Real World. Box 37972, Safat, FIBA - International Basketball Federation Route Suisse 51295 Mies - SwitzerlandTel. We compared the salaries of professionals at the same level but with different college degrees levels across many jobs, below are our findings. You should be able to recover the costs in roughly a year or so. But when it comes to overseas basketball salaries - like many other countries - it is best to separate foreigners from nationals as both experience a different pay grade and salary expectation. School fee- The fee for local schools following foreign curriculums will vary greatly, and therefore, care should be taken to ensure that the fee, if paid by employer is adequate. (with limited liability - no taxes), K.S.C (Kuwait Shareholding Company - pay zakat tax and KFAS), K.S. The Japanese basketball season runs for approximately 9 months with 60 regular season games! Naturally the more years of experience the higher the wage. : Josecolorado.com, [2021]. The agreement includes a ten-tier system for the players' salaries starting from 250.000 euros and getting up to 3,5 million or more, which will be known to all EuroLeague clubs and give a more solid base of transfer negotiations. So this would be noticeably less than the $3,240 - $3,600K USD/per month salary range previously thought. The club contract can be double the value of the QSL basic salary or up to 20 times more in some cases. Therefore, if seeking to work in Kuwait, it is better not to check for average pay scale, as there could be no definite answer. Ravenas agent confirmed to The Manila Times that his client would be compensated as an import, likely jumping his salary into the $200K - $400K/per year range. And in 2020, it became the London Lions turn (Basketball Champions League qualifiers). Percentage increase and decrease are relative to the previous value. But, indemnity is different from insurance. C. (closed) - the companies listed on Kuwait Stock Exchange (pay zakat tax, National Labour Support Tax and Kuwait Fund for Advancement of Science) and International Companies with Kuwaiti Partners (pay income tax). In a 2020 interview with Hoopsfix, BBL Director and owner of the Sheffield Sharks Yuri Matischen said the average BBL salary is anywhere from 1,000 to 3,000 per month (net after tax), plus of course, benefits in kind such as a house and vehicle. Salaries in Kuwait range from 320 KWD per month (minimum salary) to 5,640 KWD per month (maximum average salary, actual maximum is higher). Get full access to all features within our Business Solutions. The club competes in the Kuwaiti Division I Basketball League. NBA prospect to watch: Furkan Korkmaz, a 6-foot-7 forward, was selected in the first round of the 2016 draft by the Philadelphia 76ers. Professional Basketball Resume Templates (7 TOTAL) - Customizable & Easy-to-Use Templates for SERIOUS Basketball Players, Thats because Japan adopts what is known as an, the expectations/the level of entry wont quite be as difficult as an import. You deserve a salary increment but you are not sure how to ask.Check our 25 sample Salary Increase Request emails, 25 Simple Ways to Reduce Bills and Save Money. Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club. The 19/20 KBL season was prematurely canceled for. Top management personnel and senior employees naturally exhibit higher bonus rates and frequencies than juniors. The only ones who pay income tax are foreign companies working in Kuwait. What it has is a maximum pay for veterans [P420,000 a month] and rookies [which as . How to compare your salary. !-, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuwait_SC_(basketball)&oldid=1116411899, Pages using infobox basketball club with unknown parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The Xinjiang Guanghui Flying Tigers on Tuesday announced its withdrawal from the CBA after the league slapped it with a one-year suspension from acquiring and registering new players. Kuwait Sporting Club, shortly known as Kuwait SC, is a Kuwaiti professional basketball club. It was also reported that Togashis Japanese club, the Chiba Jets, led the entire B.League1 in business revenue in the 2018 - 2019 season with $16.2 million USD. Many in the Great Britain community resent the lack of support given to basketballs infrastructure - ultimately holding back the professional game and wages. Despite its modest No.42 FIBA Global Ranking, Japan actually has one of the highest-paying overseas basketball leagues in the ENTIRE WORLD with Japanese players earning a base average salary of $147K USD per year according to a Japan Times 2019 report. Example:A graphic designer in the marketing department of a hospital. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Although I couldnt find any media reports detailing the BLeague2 players salaries, one multi-year second division player told me Japanese BLeague2 players can expect anywhere from $22K USD - 60K USD/per year. Average NET salary is KD18,141. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. There is no Value-Added Tax (VAT) either at present, although there are talks on implementing it by the year 2021. The hourly wage calculation may differ slightly depending on the worked hours per week and the annual vacation allowance. Listed above are the average annual increase rates for each industry in Kuwait for the year 2022. Employees that are directly involved in generating revenue or profit for the organization. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. invested $27 million USD (20 million) into basketball since the 2012 London Olympics. Japanese basketball salaries took a turn for the BEST in 2016 when a FIBA-mandated merger took place between former rival leagues - the Basketball Japan League (bj league) and the National Basketball League. "Kuwait SC wins Arab Club Basketball trophy", 2015 FIBA Asia Championship Kuwait Roster, http://www.asia-basket.com/Kuwait/news/455267/Coach-Vanja-Gusa-(EX-Kazma)-agreed-terms-with-Al-Kuwait-SC-! Copyright 2008-2023, Glassdoor, Inc. "Glassdoor" and logo are registered trademarks of Glassdoor, Inc. Kuwait Salary - Average Salary and Payscale in Kuwait, 2005 - 2023 Visit-Kuwait.com. The Kuwaiti Division I Basketball League is the highest professional basketball league in Kuwait. So who gets paid more: men or women? Granted upon achieving an important goal or milestone. It is well known that higher education equals a bigger salary, but how much more money can a degree add to your income? 1. the salary depends on experience and qualifications With teaching certificate30000-40000 Without teaching certificate28000-35000 2. The decision gave birth to the B.League (3 divisions), unifying Japanese basketball and allowing for greater: All of this ended up making Japanese and import players alike much richer. Companies within thriving industries tend to provide higher and more frequent raises. All Rights Reserved, Rules for Visa Transfer to Another Sponsor. And all of this has led to higher-profile players coming over in recent years. Salary increments will vary from person to person and depend on many factors, but your performance and contribution to the success of the organization remain the most important factors in determining how much and how often you will be granted a raise. The annual salary Increase in a calendar year (12 months) can be easily calculated as follows: Annual Salary Increase = Increase Rate x 12 Increase Frequency. Salary cap limit. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The maternity leave is 70 days, sick leave is 15 days with full pay, 10 days with 75% pay, 10 days with 50% pay and 10 days with 25% pay and 30 days without pay.