163-69). Because I thought I believe so different from everyone else. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. the Kassites, take over this region, and you can see them . K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien, 1: Die Sprache der Kassiten, American Oriental Series 37, New Haven, 1954. [53] Kassite pottery deposits have been found as far away as Al Khor Island in the Persian Gulf area. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. 44 f., 59). As semi-nomads the Kassites were organized in family and tribal units. 31-45, 47-73, 106-33. Their empire, which lasted from the 20th to the seventh centuries B.C., was centered on the cities of Assur, Nineveh and Arbela in what is now northern Iraq. Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. The letters M-S in ancient Egyptian mean to come from. The Babylonian Empire. The Babylonian Empire under the Kassites, c. 13th century BC. Ramose was her father. Like the Sumeriancs, no one knows for sure where they came from. 1570 or 1560 BCE; see Zadok, 1999-2000, pp. Please support World History Encyclopedia. And I realized all my beliefs like what Edison believed came from the Bible. The Kassites abandoned their own culture after a couple of generations of dominance, allowing themselves to be absorbed into Babylonian civilization. Read Ahmose Is stelae and read Ahmose IIs stelas the second stelae abruptly ends only halfway through at the Red Sea after chasing a race of people through what sounds exactly like the Exodus route. Press, 1997, Kjaerum, F. SEALS OF DILMUN-TYPE FROM FAILAKA, KUWAIT. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, vol. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [20] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa. "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Ura Temple E-Ibbi-Anum at Tell al-Deylam" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. 47, 100, 102 ff., 115 ff., 122). Judges 8:33 records that after Gideon died, the Israelites turned from the Lord and worshiped Baals and made Baal-berith their God. Saarbrcken: Saarlndische Druckerei und Verlag, Sternitzke, Katja. Krishna was the father of Abraham (Brahma). Their main project was the foundation of a new capital, named Dr-Kurigalzu Kurigalzus fortress (this type of place name is common in second- and early first-millennium Babylonia, where the initial component precedes a Kassite anthroponym (e.g., Agum and Burra-sah, Nashef, 1982, pp. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag zu mglichen lexikalischen Isoglossen". The 9th year name of king Samsu-iluna (17491712 BC) of Babylon, the son of Hammurabi mentions them ie. The private sector, i.e., free families and clans living in urban and rural settlements and represented in community assemblies, included private artisans. The Kassites kings pursued a policy of dynastic marriages with rulers of the other contemporary Near Eastern powers, namely, Elam (from the reign of Burnaburia II onwards until that of Meli-hu; see van Dijk, 1986, pp. [42][43] Another Kassite king, Hamar-galu, is known from five inscriptions from the Nippur area. The Kassites were not referenced in the Bible but according to some Christian and Hebrew scholars a king named Cushan-Rishathaim was supposed to have been a Kassite ruler. 31-51. They were used to mark official items and ownership. Les Kassites, un peuple antique qui n'tait ni indo-europen, ni smite, tait originaire du Lorestan. Krishna was at once an incarnation of Vishnu and Shiva. There is only soft evidence about whether or not the Habiru are actually the Hebrews. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. Around 1800 B.C., the Kassites began to settle in the Zagros Mountains which are located in modern day Iran. Kassites eventually depose him, but damage has been done to the irrigation system. All the mayors have Babylonian names. Volume 2 Kardunia. 210 f.). Abraham was from the city of Ur according to Genesis 11:31 above. After the destruction of the Mittani by the Hittites in the early 14th century BC Assyria rose in power creating a three way power structure in the region between the Kassites, Hittites, and Assyrians with Elam exerting influence from the east and Egypt from the south. Paper, 1956, p. 252). 351-58. The state sector, namely, the royal family, bureaucrats, priests, artisans, and attached labor (dependents and slaves of the palaces and temples), seems to have been the dominant one in the economy of Kassite Babylonia. The landed property was only partially in the hands of Kassites. The longest lasting of several Babylonian dynasties, the Kassites held the region between the Tigris and Euphrates in what is now Iraq for over 400 years. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. K. Jaritz, Die kassitische Sprachreste, Anthropos 52, 1957, pp. 12.000 tablets, mostly unpublished) from the Kassite period is contained in an administrative archive which was excavated in Nippur and covers the period from ca. Ghent and Chicago: The University of Ghent and The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 9, pp. 129, Brinkman, J. 247 ff., 258 f.). Recall that in the first five books of the Bible idolatry was a major issue. Kassite. The only named ruler of Bt-Hamban bore the Kassite anthroponym (originally title) Ianz. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 10, 1980, pp. However, Huber (1999-2000, p. 289b) doubts the mere three-year interval. The Assyrians were one of the great powers of ancient Mesopotamia, rivals of the Babylonians. Some lexicographers associate the "land of Cush" of Genesis 2:13 with the Kassites (Akkadian, kassu ), a people of the plateau of central Asia mentioned in ancient cuneiform inscriptions but whose history remains quite obscure. Idem, The Ethno-Linguistic Character of Northwestern Iran and Kurdistan in the Neo-Assyrian Period, Tel Aviv, 2002. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Volume 1 Kardunia. As is clear from this material, the Kassites spoke a language without a genetic relationship to any other known tongue (cf. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B. C.: The Documentary Evidence. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. After the invasion of Tukulti-Ninurta I the Kassite rulers of Babylonia bore a mixture of Akkadian and Kassite names. "The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity". 131 f.). 2, line 18; 10, 11.31.34). There may be several Kassite names in Old Babylonian uarr in the Zagros (see Eidem, 1992, p. 49b, top; Sassmannshausen, 1999, p. 412 with n. 16). Balkan, 1954, pp. XVI, Fasc. The Canaan has been plundered into every sort of woe: The Absurd History Of Papal Edicts Concerning Jews, How Well Do You Know Your Bible? The only Kassite deities who had temples in Kassite Babylonia were the patron deities of the royal family, uqamuna and umaliya. It was written plain as day in the Egyptian language. Historical records indicate that the remaining Kassiste people eventually migrated back to their homeland in modern day Iran and were conquered ruled by the Greeks under Alexander the Great. . Amazing Bible Timeline with World History, http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/MiddleEast/Kassites.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassites#Kassite_Dynasty_of_Babylo, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kassite_Babylonia_EN.svg. (a)the invention of monotheism (b)implementing political reforms that harmed the majority of egyptians. Why Did The Samaritan Woman At The Well Have So Many Marriages? 417 f.). A Guide to 39:1-45:5 - the most detailed account in the Old Testament of Babylon conquest of Jerusalem and its aftermath. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. After Hammurabi, Babylon was taken by the Kassites who called the city Karanduniash. They introduced war chariots, The Kassites were defeated by the Elamites in 1157 B.C. Kassite period. Raphael Kutscher memorial volume, Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, Occasional Publications 1, Tel Aviv, 1993, pp. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Its end is dated to 1150 BCE. (Joshua 24:2 NIV), So because Gideon broke down Baals altar, they gave him the name Jerub-Baal that day, saying, Let Baal contend with him. (Judges 6:32 NIV), You must not worship the LORD your God in their way, because in worshiping their gods, they do all kinds of detestable things the LORD hates. [14] A number of seals have also been found. E. C. Cancik-Kirschbaum, Die mittelassyrischen Briefe aus Tall amad, Berichte der Ausgrabung Tall amad/Dr-Katlimmu (BATSH) 4, Texte 1, Berlin 1996. I; Chronicles conserning early babylonian Studies in Eastern History, II. 4553, Paulus, Susanne. "Kassitisch und Hurro-Urartisch. World History Encyclopedia. Once they made it to Babylon, they managed to defeat the weakened Babylonian city state and set themselves up as rulers. The documents reveal a centralized administration under the governor of Nippur and its province. No, King David Never Danced Naked Before The Lord, Top 10 Worst Christian Fashions And Clothing. Many of the kings were popular rulers who became allies with other city-states within the region. Volume 2 Kardunia. On the whole, it cannot be proven that the Kassites living in Babylonia had an essentially different social organization from that of the Babylonians (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 150). 279-84. 1, 1989, pp. J.A. Leiden: BRILL. This is the first entry which will cover the Kassite period (1600-1160 BCE). However, it should be remembered that there are many fewer texts from other parts of the Kassite state. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. The horse, the sacred animal of the Kassites, probably first came into use in Babylonia at this time. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. 54, 1992, pp. Last modified August 03, 2011. 925, Yaln, Serdar. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. In time, a new dynasty emerged. The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. [2] There are records of Kassite and Babylonian interactions, in the context of military employment, during the reigns of Babylonian kings Samsu-iluna (1686 to 1648 BC), Ab-euh, and Amm-ditna. (Adaside dynasty1700722 BCE)Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II, Second Intermediate PeriodSixteenthDynasty Richardson (2002, p. 54) points out that southern Mesopotamian refugees were absorbed in the northern cities, whereas members of non-Mesopotamian population groups, such as Kassites, Elamites, and West Semitic semi-nomads (Suteans, Ahlamites) were diverted to rural establishments, such as encampments and fortresses. A general or Prince called Tuthmoses (later just Moses) whose adopted mother named him after herself, Ahmose was Pharoah of Egypt with his adopted mother mother for a time and may have even been Pharoah by himself as Ahmose I. Ahmose II was most likely the Pharoah of the Exodus. Cushan-Rishathaim is mentioned in Judges 3:8 and God had used this ruler to punish his people for eight years before he releases them from his rule. After the Hittites' surgeon Babylon, the Kassites, coming from the North, North-East, settled in Babylon and founded their dynasty by Agum. Major construction occurred under Kadashman-Enlil, Kudur-Enlil, and Shagarakti-Shuriash, with lesser levels of repair work under Adad-shuma-usur and Meli-Shipak. The Character of the Kassite rule in Babylonia (the chronology follows Boese, 1982; cf. Idem, The Representation of Foreigners in Neo- and Late-Babylonian Legal Documents (Eighth-Second Centuries B.C.E. W. Eilers, rev. This document includes a graphic timeline (imagemap) and a hypertexted text timeline These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. history of Mesopotamia: The Kassites in Babylonia. Gasche et al. After Babylon came within the Kassite sphere of control its city-god, Marduk was absorbed into the Kassite pantheon. Unfortunately, it is not certain whether or not this is a clear reference to Israel. The canal Habur-ibal-buga (see Balkan, 1954, p. 104) is recorded in a document from Terqa which is dated to King Hammurapih (perhaps 16th century BCE, i.e., at the beginning of the Middle Babylonian period; see Podany, 2002, pp. Babylonian wealth and influence at this time is reflected in the use of the cuneiform script and the Babylonian language as the main form of diplomatic communication. The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon in 1225 B.C., but the Kassites survived Assyrian pressure until twelfth-century wars with Elam finally resulted in the end of their suzerainty. 112 f.). Later rule shifted to the new city of Dur-Kurigalzu. 283304, Armstrong, James A.. "15. )], Buga[u?] Republished under the British Museum Standard Terms of Use for non-profit educational purposes. 3, 1963, pp. They later regained power yet would be defeated along with many other nations under King Nebuchadnezzar in the seventh century BC. 137 f.), namely, that Kassite is related to Elamite, is unlikely. A Kassite Cylinder Seal from the Arabian Gulf. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. The Bible makes many references to a people known as the "Cushites," implying they are the descendents of Noah's grandson Cush, who inhabited the "Land of Cush" in Old Testament times. B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. Original definition by British Museum. the Babylonian Tradition in the Second Millennium B.C. This region became increasingly unsafe, especially during the reign of Samsuditana, the last ruler of the Hammurabi dynasty. This God held this position for many years after Kassite rule hand ended. Where did the Hittites live in ancient Anatolia? Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. The interest of the boundary stones for modern scholars is not only economic and religious but also artistic. Kings with Kassite names appeared on the middle Euphrates during the 17th century BCE. 91-113. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Bible Charts and Maps, PO Box 171053, Austin, TX 78717 There is a radical change of the administrative terminology. Kassites held important positions in the state sector as late as Nab-mukn-aplis reign (978-943 BCE). The texts are unclear about who the Apiru/Hapiru/Habiru people are. how much did lawrence welk band members make; walmart distribution center pedricktown, nj 08067; smoked coffee beans on pellet smoker; power xl air fryer turn off beeping One of its many anthropological and theological implications is that Genesis 10 and 11 are historically accurate. 1499 BCE. There is good reason for thinking that the Kassites were once neighbors of Indo-Europeans, in view of some affinities between their pantheon and the Indo-Aryan one (see Bloomfield, 1904; Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 136 ad srya-). "Studies Concerning the Kassite Period Ekur of Nippur: Construction History and Finds". 55 f., 231, 325 ff., 336 ff.). [38], The annals of the Assyrian king Sennacherib detail that on his second, eastern, campaign of 702 BC he campaigned against the land of the Kassites, that being along the along the Diyala River between the Jebel Hamrin and the Darband-i-Khan.