How will they learn to work in groups and socialize with other students in a learning environment and form co-operative relationships with their peers? Obviously, students in schools are expected to follow the school codes or face some type of reprimand. While the media may tend to overemphasize the home schooling practices of the religious right in Canada and the United States, many parents in Canada choose to home school not for religious reasons, but because they are dissatisfied with the curriculum and/or the social environment of schools. Methods of socialization includes affective methods, operant methods, observational methods, cognitive methods, sociocultural methods, and apprenticeship WebSocialization is the process by which people learn the culture of their society (Chambliss and Eglitis 87). Adapted from Dreeben, Robert, 1968, On What is Learned in School, Percheron Press, A Division of Eliot Werner Publications, Inc., Used with permission. Within the outer ring, teachers are also included as exemplars of moral behaviour (see Box 6.1). Schools codes of conduct serve to penalize those who do not conform. As he works through arguments on the playground or resolves disagreements at his lunch table, his negotiation skills, problem-solving abilities and self-control develop, reports the Scholastic website. School dress codes can be a particularly contentious topic, particularly when the dress code rules appear to be targeting particular groups and if they do not appear to be enforced fairly. They had a higher likelihood of participating in risky and illegal behaviour. But perhaps the worst part of school, especially public While the initial appeal of zero tolerance policies is that they theoretically apply the same punishment for rule infractions uniformly to everyone, the actual application of the policy does not appear to be so equitable. Outside of the core are two rings of moral instruction. Describe how peer victimization, peer rejection, and relational aggression impact on the socialization experiences of students. Many children arrive at school with behavioural problems and emotional needs that are not met in the family environment. Characteristics of children that may be perceived to threaten classroom management may attract negative attention from teachers. Peer rejection refers to the failure of children to be socially accepted by their peers. A teacher, for example, is largely in charge of the student, but the relationship that a child has with a teacher is far less intimate than the relationship a child shares with his or her parents; A student must also adapt to spending a significant amount of time in large groups; A child must learn to be independent to achieve the academic goals of school; A child must also learn to form bonds and develop social bonds with other children in school; and. Home schooled children typically follow the curriculum of their province of residence. What kinds of peer groups existed in your high school? As discussed above, the teacher becomes an important new figure of authority for young children when they first begin formal schooling. Students who are less academically inclined are put into classes that better match their abilities and interests, like vocational training. Because each province in Canada handles its own curriculum, how streaming occurs in school varies greatly by jurisdiction. This difference may be due to ethnic group membership, disability, physical attractiveness, or being a newcomer to the classroom (Asher et al. What are the outcomes of home schooling in terms of the socialization of children? A major objective of socialization in the school setting is to make a child socially competent. And the grand outcome of socialization is also theorized to be the result of how all the systems interact with one another. If they do not go to school, how do they learn many of the basic skills that are engrained in the early years of the school experience? As noted by Reinke and Herman (2002), schools tend to have personalities of their own. 2007), teens in the deviant groups tended to have lower self-esteem and life satisfaction compared to other groups, and also tended to have poor parenting. 11. As noted in an official Alberta Education document: Whether they are conscious of it or not, schools are involved in teaching cultural and societal mores and values and in shaping students ideas about what constitutes good behaviour (Alberta Education 2005:1). Being bullied can also result in the victim becoming physically and/or mentally ill (Sharp 1995; Williams, Chambers, Logan, and Robinson 1996). What has changed, however, is the larger proportion of boys without male parents in the home. The outrage that followed the display by the Winnipeg teachers strongly supports the idea that teachers are implicit moral role models. Elsewhere in Canada, zero tolerance policies are likely to be in place around specific actions. Schools perform an essential work in the socialization of children by first transmitting the cultures values. WebExamples of Socialization 1. This also has the effect of creating resentment and rule breaking among students, especially when they see the rules as pointless and arbitrary. 2004). For example, in 2010, two Winnipeg teachers were under investigation after performing a sexually suggestive dirty dance at a high school dance competition. Social approval is obtained when children accept the sanctioned goals of the school setting and they are rewarded and reinforced on a consistent basis through social acceptance by teachers and other students (Wentzel and Looney 2006). She notes that personal style is very much at the heart of social identities and how a girl presents her body is akin to her social skin. While Pomerantz was collecting her data between 2002 and 2003, there were two particular uniforms for girls at East Side Highthe Britney look and the JLo look, named after pop music icons Britney Spears and Jennifer Lopez, respectively. Brint (1998) identifies three major zones of socialization within classrooms (see Figure 6.2). Overall, Raby and Domitrek (2007) have found that Canadian youth seemed to be generally supportive of rules they regarded as protective (rules prohibiting fighting and bringing weapons to school, for example), as long as they were presented as logical and enforced fairly in practice. Previous explanations of males outperformance of females in science and mathematics suggested that biological factors predisposed males to be better at more technical subjects than females. School administrators argued that the girls were in violation of the school dress code and that the practice had been banned by school because the duct tape outfits had become too racy in previous years.7. Therefore, social features of the school can serve to reverse delinquent behaviours. 2007)depending on who is doing them. In 2004, the Ontario Human Rights Commission provided evidence that since the adoption of the Safe Schools Act, a disproportionate number of students with various disabilities had been suspended or expelled (Bhattacharje 2003). Streaming not only serves to increase the efficiency of teaching and classroom management, but also results in social groupings of students that have significant social meaning within and outside of the school. (2007) found that across numerous studies from the English-speaking world, peer groups generally fell into five very broad categories: elites, athletes, deviants, academics, and others. Other perceived benefits of school uniforms, such as improved student achievement, improved self-esteem (particularly if less well-off students cannot afford the latest fashions), and the overall improvement of the learning environment (Pate 2006), have also been touted as rationales for implementation. Asked about the inappropriateness of their behaviour, one student was quoted as saying, Theyre not setting a good example if theyre going to be doing that. Public schools tend to focus more on the testing side of the education because that is where they obtain their funding and a child might be offered a chance to be introduced to diversity, whereas private school has more time and the means to explore socialization in many other forms like field trips and such. The self-fulfilling prophecyis a term coined by sociologist Robert Merton in 1948 and refers to situations in which preconceived ideas about how someone will act cause that person to act in such a way, even if the belief about that person was initially incorrect.11 Riley and Ungerleider (2008) found that pre-service Canadian teachers rated the student records of those they were led to believe were Aboriginal less favourably compared to identical student records of those identified as non-Aboriginal, suggesting that teachers do alter their perceptions of students based on fixed characteristics. Many researchers have called the reaction to perceived underachievement by boys a global moral panic (see, for example, Griffin 2000; Smith 2003; Weaver-Hightower 2003). So far, this chapter has described the various ways that teachers and school practices contribute to the socialization of children. The core also consists of embedded practices, which are manners of behaving that are not explicit rules but routine practices within schools that appear to be very natural and taken for granted. Sweet et al. The first zone is called the core. Current practices appear to reflect the desire to create obedient future employees or citizens (Raby 2005). Adults who were homeschool as kids are civically engaged and well adjusted. Elites were regarded as having high status, and members were generally successful in extracurricular activities and academics. Within the school setting, social competence is achieved when students embrace and achieve socially sanctioned goals. The main thrust of this argument is that teaching staff are disproportionately comprised of females who value certain behaviours (like passivity and obedience, which tend to be found more in girls) and subject matter (like reading, which does not appeal to males as much), and that to improve boys performance, more males must be brought into the profession (Skelton 2002; Titus 2004). The skills that allow an individual to function within society; in the school setting, it is achieved when students embrace and achieve socially sanctioned goals. The Ontario Human Rights Commission launched a complaint against the Toronto District School Board, indicating that students with certain types of disabilities were being discriminated against. Medlin (2000) has noted that research on whether or not home schooled children experience adequate socialization is sparse and that which does exist often has hallmarks of poor research design and biased samples. In an overview of studies (Sussman et al. What solutions are being offered? In Canada, children from elementary to high school levels spend about seven hours a day at school for about 200 days of the year. course sequence provides for the study of texts at a variety of different levels of sophistication, to meet the needs of a more diverse student population in terms of student aspirations and abilities, students who aspire to post-secondary education, but not necessarily to careers related to the English language arts, may register in this course sequence. Standardized tests (discussed in Chapter 5) often exert considerable influence in allocating children into specific streams. While these groupings are very broad, they do point to the consistency of general groups over time and across English-speaking countries. Students who wish to attend university need to take a certain set of academic courses, for example. However, Brendgen, Wanner, and Vitaro (2006) found that teacher verbal abuse actually contributed to future adolescent delinquent behaviour in their 17-year cohort study in Quebec, which tracked children from kindergarten to age 23. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Not only does a childs behaviour have to be modified from a set of learned family-appropriate behaviours, but the setting itself has many new structural features to which a child must become accustomed. Personal histories of students are ignored and therefore students do not carry the stigma of past experiences with them in the school. Children who are accepted by their peers tend to have a more safe school environment, while those who have been rejected by their peers are at a greater risk of targeted harassment and bullying (Wentzel and Looney 2006). In addition to teaching student subject matter, teachers are often regarded as being responsible for managing the emotional lives of their students (Jennings and Greenberg 2009). Positive peer group support has been found to be associated with academic success and prosocial behaviours. incorrect; in the context of education, the expectations that teachers have about their students influence how they behaved toward them, which in turn, influences students motivation and performance. Victims also tend to experience irritability (Sharp 1995), anxiety (Olweus 1978; Salmon and James 1998; Sharp 1995; Slee 1994), and anger and self-pity (Borg 1998). How do students learn gender at school? 4. Such rules were routinely broken and created resentment among students for what they perceived as ridiculous rules that teachers spent far too much time enforcing, and were often seen to enforce in targeted and unegalitarian ways. Other research has suggested that cultural differences between childrens families and teachers result in the enforcement of zero tolerance policies for perceived minor infractions being viewed as excessive and impersonal by parents (Bernhard et al. School sports are another area that can cultivate gender stereotypes. Arai (2000) found in a study of Canadian parents who home schooled their children that most indicated that they objected to specific parts of public education rather than the institution as a whole. Social experiences are required to develop communication and social skills. Within the general category of elites, such peer groups as populars, student union members, and preppies were found. During the process of cultural conformity, children learn about accepted perspectives and styles of expression. Teachers who hold negative stereotypes about low-achieving or minority students may also expect such students to consistently perform poorly. In conclusion, the agent of socialization refers to the various social institutions, groups, and individuals that shape an individual's social identity and behavior. In this chapter, the complex role of socialization within schools was introduced. The Manitoba Ministry of Education describes Consumer Mathematics in the following way: The Consumer Mathematics curriculum emphasizes number sense, consumer problem solving, and decision making. Table 6.1 highlights some major structural differences between the school and family setting. Describe the processes by which socialization occurs in schools. The series of courses a student should take that best matches his or her abilities and aptitudes; also known as tracking. A significant part of a teachers job is to evaluate students and, often, to decide if a student is best suited for a particular ability track. Teacher education suggests that tailoring into ability groups allows for teachers to best match the learning needs of students. This begins at birth and continues throughout life; Successful socialization enables people to fit into all kinds of social groups. Schools which have vague and inconsistently enforced rules and ambiguous responses to rule-breaking, teachers and administration who do not agree on rules, and students who do not believe that the rules are legitimate are typically associated with higher discipline problems and have a poor school climate (Welsh et al. [S]tudents who aspire to careers that involve the development, production, teaching and study of more complex texts need to register in this course sequence. The table above shows the differences and similarities between the curricula of the two streams. From an early age until adulthood, school is a place where children spend a large portion of their daysand, indeed, their lives. But why would home schooled children be better socialized, as many American proponents have indicated? Our peer group is also important because typically our peers share the same interest which lays foundation for support and socialization amongst the group. This story represents school at its most frightening and disturbing. Illustrate how peer groups contribute to the social identity of students. For example, schools teach children how to behave appropriately in society. Zero tolerance policies refer to specific code infractions that result in immediate punishment, usually in the form of suspension or expulsion, and sometimes involving the police. Such factors may include the ability of the student to control his or her own behaviour (Daniel and Bondy 2008). Such embedded practices are lining up, doing homework, taking tests, and being evaluated. The school is described as demo-cratic, as students have an active voice in their educational development. Raby and Domitrek (2007) state that this kind of rule creation and enforcement creates a negative environment where teachers are involved in petty policing and frustrates students who would prefer to challenge the rules in more constructive ways than by breaking them. Theories in the Sociology of Education, 3.
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